He mea whakamiharo te putea tunu kai pāmahana-teitei. Tērā pea kāore tātou e kite i tēnei takai i a tātou e kai ana. Inaa, ehara te putea tunu kai pāmahana-teitei i te putea takai noa. Kei roto he wai whakamahana, ā, he momo hiato. Ko te putea takai āhua, ka taea te kī ko te putea tunu kai pāmahana-teitei e whakakotahi ana i ngā āhuatanga o te taputapu me te putea tunu. Ka taea te noho pūmau o te kai i roto i te putea, ā, i muri i te whakahoromata me te whakamahana i te pāmahana teitei (120~135℃ te tikanga), ka taea te kai i muri i te tango. Neke atu i te tekau tau o te whakamahinga, kua whakamātauhia he ipu takai hokohoko tino pai. He pai mō te takai i ngā hua mīti me te pīni soya, he mea watea, he mea akuaku, he mea whai hua, ā, ka taea te pupuri i te reka taketake o te kai, e pai ana ki ngā kaihoko.
E mārama ana ko te takai tuatahi e taea ai te penapena kai mīti i te pāmahana rūma ko te kai kēne, he kēne rino i hangaia ki te pereti tine, ā, i muri mai ka whakamahia ngā pounamu karāhe hei takai o waho. He ātete wera nui ki te tunu kai ngā pounamu pereti tine me ngā pounamu karāhe, nō reira ka taea e te roa o te oranga o te kai kēne te neke atu i te 2 tau. Heoi, nā te mea he ipu takai pakari ngā kēne pereti tine me ngā pounamu karāhe, he nui te rahinga me te taumaha, he ngoikore te ātete ki te waikura matū o te pereti tine, inā koa ka utaina ki te kai waikawa, ka ngawari te puta o ngā iona konganuku, ka pā ki te reka o te kai. I ngā tau 1960, i hangaia e te Hononga o Amerika te kiriata hiato konumohe-kirihou hei whakaoti rapanga i te takai kai rererangi. Ka whakamahia hei takai i ngā kai mīti, ā, ka taea te penapena i te pāmahana rūma mā te whakahoromata pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teitei, me te roa o te oranga o te kai neke atu i te 1 tau. He rite te mahi a te kiriata hiato konumohe-kirihou ki te kēne, he ngawari, he māmā hoki, nō reira i tapaina ai ko "kēne ngohengohe".
Mō ngā takai kai, he maha ngā āhuatanga ahurei o ngā putea retort pāmahana teiteingā paingaki te whakataurite ki ngā ipu kēne whakarewa me ngā putea tākai kai tio:
①Puritia te tae,te kakara, te reka me te āhua o te kai.He angiangi ake te putea retort, ā, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga whakahoromata i roto i te wā poto, me te pupuri i te tae taketake, te kakara, te reka me te āhua o te kai i ngā mea katoa e taea ana.
ngāwari ki te whakamahiKa taea te whakatuwhera ngāwari me te haumaru i te putea retort. I te wā e kai ana, tāpirihia te kai me te putea ki roto i te wai kohua ka whakamahana mō te 5 meneti kia tuwhera, kia kainga, ahakoa kāore e whakamahana.
②He watea te rokiroki me te kawe.He māmā te putea tunu kai, ka taea te whakarārangi me te penapena, ā, he iti noa te wāhi e nohoia ana. I muri i te tākai kai, he iti ake te wāhi e nohoia ana i tērā o te kēne whakarewa, ā, ka taea te whakamahi pai i te wāhi rokiroki me te kawe, me te penapena i ngā utu rokiroki me te kawe.
penapena pūngao.Nā te angiangi o te putea tunu kai, ka tere ake te eke o te putea ki te pāmahana whakamate o ngā huakita ina werahia, ā, ko te whakapaunga pūngao he 30-40% te iti iho i tērā o te kēne rino.
③ngāwari ki te hoko.Ka taea te tākai, te whakakotahi rānei i ngā putea retort me ngā momo kai rerekē e ai ki ngā hiahia o te mākete, ā, ka taea e ngā kaihoko te whiriwhiri i tā rātou e pai ai. Hei tāpiri, nā te ataahua o te āhua, kua tino piki ake te nui o ngā hoko.
④te wā rokiroki roa.Ko ngā kai he mea takai ki roto i ngā pēke retort kāore e hiahiatia kia rongoatia ki te pouaka whakamātao, he pumau te roa o te oranga, he rite ki ngā kēne whakarewa, he ngāwari ki te hoko, ā, he ngāwari ki te whakamahi i te kāinga.
⑤te utu hanga iti iho.He iti iho te utu o te kiriata hiato mō te hanga i te putea retort i tērā o te pereti whakarewa, ā, he māmā ake te tukanga whakaputa me ngā taputapu e hiahiatia ana, nō reira he iti ake te utu o te putea retort.
Hanganga hua o ngā putea tunu kai pāmahana teitei
Ko te tikanga ka wehea kia toru ngā wāhanga: te kiriata paparua-rua, te kiriata paparua-toru me te hanganga kiriata paparua-whā.
Ko te kiriata paparua-rua ko te BOPA/CPP, PET/CPP te tikanga.
Ko te hanganga kiriata papa-toru ko PET/AL/CPP, BOPA/AL/CPP;
Ko te hanganga kiriata papa-whā ko PET/BOPA/AL/CPP, PET/AL/BOPA/CPP.
Arotakenga ātete tunu kai pāmahana teitei
Kia oti te hanga o te putea, tāpirihia te rahinga ōrite o ngā mea ki roto i te putea, ka hiritia kia pai (Kia mōhio: he rite te nui o ngā mea ki te mea i tohua e te kaihoko, ā, ngana ki te whakaputa i te hau i roto i te putea i te wā e hiritia ana, kia kore ai e pā ki te pānga whakamātautau nā te whānui o te hau i te wā e tunu ana). Whakanohoia ki roto i te kohua tunu kai pāmahana teitei ts-25c, ka whakatakoto i ngā tikanga e hiahiatia ana e te kaihoko (te pāmahana tunu, te wā, te pēhanga) hei whakamātautau i te ātete tunu kai pāmahana teitei; ko te tukanga hanga o te putea tunu kai pāmahana teitei te putea tunu kai pai rawa atu o te ao i tēnei wā. Ko te nuinga o ēnei he mea hanga mā te tikanga whakaranu maroke, ā, ko ētahi ka taea hoki te hanga mā te tikanga whakaranu kore-whakarewa, mā te tikanga whakaranu tahi-whakaputa rānei.
Te tirotiro i te āhua i muri i te tunu kai: he papatahi te mata o te putea, kāore he kita, he pupuhi, he rerekētanga, ā, kāore he wehenga, he turuturu rānei.
Wā tuku: Hurae-18-2022
